Types of programming language:

Non-procedural Approach:

It is a language, which doesn’t support any structured or systematic way in its execution. It will increase the complexity. Debugging is very difficult because it will not support procedure-orientation or modularity.

Procedure-oriented Approach

Divide the program into different sections and each and every section will do some specific task. That section is called module or procedure or a function. What ever the set of statements which are repeated number of times will be placed into a module will decrease the

1. Complexity


2. Memory wastage


3. Retyping time


4. Compilation time

It follows top-down approach

It contains set of steps, which are required to develop a project

1.  Planning


2. Analysis


3. Designing


4. Coding


5. Debugging


6. Testing


7. Documentation


8. Maintenance

Drawbacks of Procedure Oriented Approach: -

1.  In the procedure- oriented approach, entire concentration is on Procedures only.


2.  So it doesn’t concentrate on security to the data.


3. It gives the freedom to the data.


4. It will not provide any reusability.

Object- - Oriented Programming:

To over come the above drawbacks, we have to introduce Object-Oriented approach. It will support both procedure-oriented and object oriented Methodologies.

Every object must have set of properties to express its behavior and sets of actions are used to change the behavior while modifying the properties so that more than 1 object may have set of properties and actions commonly, without repeating these properties and actions common to more than 1 object in a single unit to maintain the reusability. That unit is called class.

Class:

Class is a template, which contains the set of properties and actions to specify the behavior of objects and provide security to the data. It will give an abstract view of given real life entity to create model.

Object:

It is a communicate entity to provide the communication among set of classes. It will store the state of a class at a particular time.

Instance:

It is a state of a class at a particular time but it cannot preserve that state for future use. But in the case of objects, they are the preserving mechanisms to maintain the state for future use.