What are the Salient features of Indus Valley Civilization ?
The Indus Valley Civilization had its beginnings in Chalcolithic Age and had its maturity phase in Bronze Age. Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in the Harappa excavations of 1921 when Sir. John Marshall was the head of Archeological
Survey of India.
Drainage System
Indus Valley Civilization flourished in an area of 1.3 million sq.km, extending from Suktazendar (Baluchistan in Pakistan) in the West to Alamgirpur (Western U.P. near Meerut) in the East and from Manda (J&K) in the North to Diamabad (Maharashtra) in the South.
Town Planning is one of the most characteristic features of Indus Valley Civilization. All the cities have grid system with streets and lanes intersecting at right angles, dividing the entire city into several rectangular blocks. The cities have two distinct parts – a Citadel, which is a mound built on a high podium of mud bricks and the Lower Town, which is the main residential area. Standardized burnt bricks were used for construction in all the cities of Indus Valley. There was an excellent underground drainage system connecting all houses into street drains equipped with manholes.
Mohenjodaro
Some of the main cities of Indus Valley Civilization are Harappa, the first city to be discovered and has 12 granaries arranged in 2 rows of 6 each, Mohenjodaro, the largest city with Great Bath and Great Granary, Chanhudaro, the only city without a citadel, Kalibangan, the city in which both the citadel and lower town are fortified, port cities like Lothal, Sukthazendar, Balakote and Rangapur. Rakhigarghi in Haryana is the recently excavated site in India.
Great Bath
Administration was centralised, well organised and very efficient. Indus Valley Civilization is an urban civilization, it’s economy based on both agriculture and trade. They worshiped Mother Goddess, Pasupati, animals like humped bull and trees like neem and pipal.
Indus Valley script is pictographic in nature and has not yet been deciphered. It is written in boustrophedon style and if the research of the historians in deciphering this script bears fruit, then we will be able to know more interesting facts about the Indus Valley people.
- Bronze Age
- 1921 – Sir John Marshall
- Geographical Extent
- Town Planning
- Standardized Burnt Bricks
- Drainage System
- Important Cities
- Urban Civilization
- Religion
- Script
Granary
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